You might notice your child speaks comfortably at home but becomes very quiet or unable to speak in other settings, such as at school, in social situations, or around unfamiliar people. In these moments, they may struggle to respond even to simple questions and instead rely on gestures, nodding, or whispering. Children with selective mutism experience significant anxiety in certain environments and may worry about being noticed, saying something wrong, or feeling embarrassed, even if they can’t fully explain why. This anxiety can cause their mind to go blank or their body to feel tense, leaving them feeling “stuck” and unable to get words out. As a result, they may remain silent or avoid situations where speaking is expected for short-term relief. Selective mutism is not stubbornness or defiance: children with selective mutism are experiencing a strong anxiety response that prevents them from speaking, even when they want to.
Appear “frozen,” avoids eye contact, or looks very tense when expected to speak
Difficulty participating in class, asking for help, or making friends
Speak freely with close family but not with teachers or peers
Use gestures, nodding, or whispering instead of talking
A child with selective mutism may:
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